English & American Literature an Overview Essay

A.INTRODUCTORY PARAGRAPHS Literature is said to be one of the passages of emotions and feelings to the environment – an expression of thoughts, opinions and the things they want to aspire and change and to all things a person is sensing. It is also a way to make a passive way of expression, like what Dr. Jose Rizal did to build flames of independence in our country. It is also like art or music, but literature is said to be more expressive and elaborative, yet not other people can be pleased by any form of audio-visual forms. Literature is said to be any kind of written text that expresses whole expression and feeling. A simple sentence, a word or even a symbol like and apostrophe or a period can also be considered as a literature. Other forms of literature include: a sweet lullaby your mother used to sing when you as a baby, a rock song you are like or a novelty song that made a major trend in the entire planet, or a simple hum. See, there are a lot of examples of literature and we are living with it since we were born until our last breath. This research will discuss an overview about the two of the most influential countries and their literature: the English and American literature. It is said that these countries became the rivals of the 1st generation of the Earth according to the historians. Englishmen or the people of England and the Americans have distinct cultures, types of government and the literatures that they are progressing up to now. These countries progress in their own ways by means by their own perspective of history and culture that affects their food, music and most especially their literature. B.STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM The main focus of this research is about the distinct differences of two cultures in terms of the literatures: the English and American literature. English Literature, literature produced in England, from the introduction of Old English by the Anglo-Saxons in the 5th century to the present. English literature shows the historical traces of their country. American Literature, on the other hand, was influenced by the British during their colonization in the early times. C.PURPOSE OF THE STUDY The purpose of this study is to know the difference of English and American Literature and how they influenced each other’s perspective of creating literature. It also focuses on the importance of the two types of literatures that the readers will be interested to know and it builds interest on the things that the literatures have in common. D.RESEARCH QUESTIONS AND HYPOTHESIS The research questions for the study will be: 1.What is English Literature? 2.What is American Literature? 3.Is there a significant difference between English and American Literature? What factors affected their differences? 4.Is there a significant relationship between English and American Literature? 5.What is the importance of knowing the difference and relationship of two literatures? 6.How can it influence the readers and our country? E.SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS This research focuses the difference, importance and influences of English and American literature. It limits the study in other forms of literature around the world or a part of the world except the literatures of England and America. CHAPTER 2 – BACKGROUND A.LITERATURE REVIEW In this part of the chapter, we are going to explore the literatures of both countries, from the moments of past to the modern times. English and American literature’s differences and relationship can be scrutinized if the research will start at the beginning of existence of both literatures. A.1 ENGLISH LITERATURE According to angelfire.com, â€Å"English Literature, literature produced in England, from the introduction of Old English by the Anglo-Saxons in the 5th century to the present. The works of those Irish and Scottish authors who are closely identified with English life and letters are also considered part of English literature.† the basis of the English language today is based on the Anglo-Saxon language. The British people started to explore and invade lands during the 5th century. English poetry is focused on â€Å"bold, strong in form and spirit† themes and the use of alliteration in their poems. The classic poetical piece, Beowulf was written during the 8th century. It was one of the critically-acclaimed pieces of history. Because of the poem Beowulf, there were other poems written that time such as â€Å"Dream of the Rood† by Cynewulf, â€Å"The Wanderer† and â€Å"The Seafarer†, which were considered to be the most beautiful poems. English pros e, on the other hand, influenced by Christianity. The imposing scholarship of monasteries in northern England in the late 7th century reached its peak in the Latin work Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum (Ecclesiastical History of the English People, 731) by Bede were considered to have the greatest influence in English literature. During the Middle period, some Italian and French literary pieces were influenced the English literature. There was the weakening of English literature until the Renaissance age (1485-1660) came. Vast literary pieces were published and influence the way how British read and create literary pieces. Works of some authors like Sir Thomas More and his work Utopia (1516) passively expressed the most influenced words to the Englishmen. There is also the famous works of William Shakespeare, breaking records and brought the most influence through his literary works. Some of which is â€Å"Romeo and Juliet†, Hamlet (1601?), Othello (1604?), King Lear (1605?), Macbeth (1606?), and Antony and Cleopatra (1606?)—look deeply into the springs of action in the human soul. There were a lot of changes after the existence of Shakespeare’s tragedies and dramas but there is still the influence of the Holy Bible and the church in most of their poetry and prose. A.2 AMERICAN LITERATURE The influence of English language truly dominated the American soil. According to Wikipedia,†The first item printed in Pennsylvania was in German and was the largest book printed in any of the colonies before the American Revolution.† The Spaniards and the Frenchmen had the biggest colonies in America and the literary works that can be published in English language are only available in England. Native American tribes have also their literary works that they used as rituals for ceremonies and celebrations.

buy custom Plenum Enclosures and Site Survey Analyzers essay

buy custom Plenum Enclosures and Site Survey Analyzers essay A plenum can be defined as an opening or a space left deliberately during construction for the purpose of air circulation within a building (Missouri Geneaology, 2011). Since introducing plenum enclosures for wireless LAN access points does not interfere in any way with air circulation within a building, it makes it more acceptable to install them within the plenum. This is because they are installed in a manner that presents them as new ceiling tiles of the building. Wireless local network access points are always vulnerable to interferences from various sources. Therefore, there is a need to secure them. Modern technology dictates that ceiling is one of the most reliable ways to do that. Most of modern structures have plenum enclosures that which appear as protruding features on tiles. This is the most common mode of installation where the device appear as if one ceiling tile has been replaced with another one with protruding antennas. This is commonly found in buildings with suspe nded ceilings. The main advantage of such installations is that it is easy to install plenum enclosures for wireless LAN access points within the tiles without necessarily introducing new features that could be obstructive (Missouri Geneaology, 2011). A plenum enclosure for wireless LAN access points keeps the access points away from the floor by raising them higher. This ensures that they are situated further from the ground, which is commonly known to be a common source of interferences. Fixing the system at such positions means that there will be a stronger connection thus boosting reliability on the local network connections (Thompson). These installations also eliminate other common disturbance caused on soft wares such as routers found in desktop hardware. Plenum enclosures for wireless LAN access points should be installed with the antenna being able to rotate upon the enclosures. This gives a stronger and a wider coverage; thus, allowing the network perform better within the intended surroundings. This implies that the antenna should be placed strategically to allow their rotation for preferential coverage, meaning that operators can tilt them in a specific manner to enhance wide coverage (Missouri Geneaology, 2011). Plenum enclosure for wireless LAN access points are very important because they reduce installations cost by huge margins. For instance, it is costly to use wired LAN because they require many wire connections. This is for obvious reasons that the wire cables need to be bought at high prices, in addition to their lengths. These installations arealso untidy because they introduce many cables on the desk and office floors. Plenum enclosure for wireless LAN access points are very common in modern networks within many buildings because they provide better methods to IT specialists to create better connection infrastructures. This device uses small radio frequency transceivers, which are, distributed the target area thus establishing a network within the area. The device improves radio frequency, in addition to preserving surveying of a site. The cost of these installations is not discouraging if the services they offer are anything to go by. Single devices may cost up to $150, which is not very high if weighed against the services. It is also worthy noting that the device is not subject for subsequent replacements. They are durable and implying that their cost should be of less concern to potential buyers. Most companies that deal in selling the equipments offer free installation services in the form of after sale-services thus cutting further into the overall cost. Site Survey Analyzers Site Survey can be defined as wireless communication devices designed to provide wireless solutions. This technological application is sometimes referred to as wireless site survey; it involves visiting a site to check its RF interference and then in establishing reliable position for installing access points. This technology has a number of merits and demerits although it is obviously more beneficial. Site Survey Analyzers are very effective in verifying RF coverage. It does so by showing how an end user is using a network by use of connection speed, packet data statistics, and throughput data. This culminates into establishment of a full end-user WI-FI associated with all critical RF. Metrics obtained from the end user are also obtained easily using Site survey analyzers (Unknown Author, 2011). In addressing the end user requirements further, the Site Survey Analyzers enables users to design pre-deployment probabilities, obtain customized survey reports, and integrate with the professional analyzers of obtained spectrums. This also aids users in verifying the requirements of end user networks and end user capacity planning. AirMagnet is such a site survey analyzer that enables user to do a WI-FI surveying of a site. It has the ability to identify a signal, noise, and even performance of the user. According to AirMagnet, Site Survey Analyzers can be installed in form of multi-floor fashion for outdoor survey, voice verification, network verification, and RF spectrum analyysis (Fluke Networks, 2011). Site Survey Analyzers come in many languages meaning that they are flexible and thus can serve people of different ethnic backgrounds. However, this is limited to the most common languages such as German, English, and Japanese among other. Therefore, this is a disadvantage for people who would prefer using their languages because they may not be included in the Site Survey Analyzers. The synthesis of hybrid site surveys is also instrumental in improving the quality of services from the Site Survey Analyzers. This is because the hybrids allow simultaneous active and passive surveys thus boosting their efficiency. Specific survey tools such as Ekahau mobile survey offers a good WI-FI tool for tablet and smart phone users (Unknown Author, 2011). This is strengthened by the fact that the Site Survey can detect and locate any interference that could be coming from a non-WI-FI gadget. Most users acknowledge that this helps in fixing the problem in time thus making a network more reliable. For instance, Ekahaus Wi-Fi 802.11 has the ability to analyze WLAN spectrum thus allowing end users to detect and visualize mishaps, which could be fatal to a network. The decision by the Ekahau Inc. in 2009 to introduce an optimized spectrum analysis tool Wi-Fi (802.11 WLAN) to its site survey was a positive move because it can be used simultaneously with Ekahau Site Survey for spectrum analysis (Unknown Author, 2011). This has made detecting and eliminating interferences easier and timely thus sustaining services obtained from various networks. The dual band spectrum analyzer can handle up frequency band of up to 2.4 GHz, thus ensuring that users can design and maintain performing WI-FI networks for voice data sensors, location and applications and real-time applications. Site Survey Analyzers are very important for users because they ensure timely detection of interferences by external entities. This is crucial in fixing the problem on time thus preventing any further damage. There are different service providers such as the AirMagnet and Ekahau Inc. However, services vary according to the providers. The only disadvantage associated with the Site Survey Analyzers is that they may be complicated for anybody to use and thus requires attention from experts. Ekahau Inc. seems better placed compared to other and thus more recommendable. It comes with many features such as language variety, new improved versions like (802.11 WLAN). In addition, it is also cheap and easy to use making it a better option for many users. Buy custom Plenum Enclosures and Site Survey Analyzers essay

Letter Recognition for Special Education

Letter Recognition for Special Education Letter recognition is the first skill a child needs to learn before beginning the task of learning decoding skills and then word recognition. Small children often learn to recognize the letters in their name first, and with that, they gain the understanding that letters, when put together, lead to meaning. Learning disabled children often do not. A reading disability can start anywhere on the chain that leads to reading fluency. It can often begin at the beginning: with letter recognition. Teachers sometimes make the mistake of â€Å"piling on,† trying to teach letter sounds at the same time as teaching letter recognition. Children who are clearly developmentally and intellectually ready to begin reading will quickly begin to see the relationship between letters and letter sounds. Learning disabled children will only find it confusing. Helping Learning Disabled Children with Letter Recognition: Consonants: When matching letters to pictures, stick to initial letter sounds for any letter matching and stick to one sound. Stick to the hard c and hard g. Never use â€Å"Circus† for the letter C. Never use gymnasium for the letter g. Or the vowel Y sound for the letter Y (Yellow, not Yodel.) Don’t try to get children to master the consonant sounds in the middle or final position until they are 100% with lower case d, p, b, and q. Vowels:  When teaching the vowels, stick to words that start with the short vowel sound, a is ant, not auto, aardvark, or Aspergers (none of which start with the short a sound.) Stick to short vowels, since they will be the glue for single syllable words. In Wilson Reading, a direct instruction program for reading, these are called closed syllables. Problems with Letter Orientation. Back in the 70s, reading professionals focused a lot on â€Å"dyslexia† with the belief that the primary problem was a letter or word reversal. It is true there are some children who do have a problem with letter orientation, but often learning disabled children have weak left-right orientation. We have noticed that young learning disabled children often have poor coordination and lack muscle tone. Multisensory Approaches to Letter Recognition Multi-sensory approaches are good to help learning disabled students build strong directionality. Hand over hand students who are not starting their letters correctly. This is not a place for creativity. Lower case d’s are circle stick. Lower case p’s are tail and circle. In that order. Always.   Sand writing: Wet sand in a dishpan or a wading pool. Have the children working on letter recognition make the letters as you call them out. Then give each of the children a turn to call out a letter for the others to make. Stick to one or two problem letters: b and p, g and q, or r and n. Try using a ruler for your letter bases.Pudding writing: Be sure hands are clean before initiating this activity. Tape waxed paper or clear wrap practice in on a table surface, and spoon out some chocolate (or another favorite) pudding on the paper/wrap. Have children spread the pudding out, like finger painting, and write the letters in the pudding as you call them out. Licking is allowed. Be sure to have plenty of paper towels handy.Sidewalk writing: Have your students write letters with sidewalk chalk as you call them out.Letter tag. Write letters on a hard surface playground. Stick to the ones you are focusing on. Call out a letter: anyone standing on the letter is safe. Call out another letter : the children need to run to another letter to be safe.

Types of Slavery in Africa and the World Today

Types of Slavery in Africa and the World Today Whether slavery existed within sub-Saharan African societies before the arrival of Europeans is a hotly contested point between Afrocentric and Eurocentric academics. What is certain is that Africans, like other people throughout the world, have been subjected to several forms of slavery over the centuries, including chattel slavery under both the Muslims with the trans-Saharan slave trade and Europeans through the trans-Atlantic slave trade. Even after the abolition of the slave trade in Africa, colonial powers continued to use forced labor, such as in King Leopolds Congo Free State (which was operated as a massive labor camp) or as libertos on the Portuguese plantations of Cape Verde or Sao Tome. Major Types of Slavery It can be argued that all of the following qualify as slavery- the United Nations deems slavery to be the status or condition of a person over whom any or all of the powers attaching to the right of ownership are exercised and slave as a person in such condition or status. Slavery existed long before European imperialism, but the scholarly emphasis on the African transatlantic slave trade led to a neglect of contemporary forms of slavery until the 21st century. Chattel Slavery Chattel slavery is the most familiar type of slavery, although they make up a comparatively small proportion of slaves in the world today. It involves the complete ownership of one human being by another, whether captured, born, or sold into permanent servitude; their children are normally also treated as property. Chattel slaves are considered property and are traded as such. They have no rights, are expected to perform labor (and sexual favors) at the command of a slave master. This is the form of slavery which was carried out in the Americas as a result of the trans-Atlantic slave trade. There are reports that chattel slavery still exists in Islamic North Africa, in such countries as Mauritania and Sudan (despite both countries being participants in the 1956 UN slavery convention). One example is that of Francis Bok, who was taken into bondage during a raid on his village in southern Sudan in 1986 at the age of seven and spent ten years as a chattel slave in the north of Sudan before escaping. The Sudanese government denies the continued existence of slavery in its country. Debt Bondage The most common form of slavery in the world today is debt bondage, known as bonded labor, or peonage, a type of enslavement resulting from a debt owed to a moneylender, usually in the form of forced agricultural labor: in essence, people as used collateral against their debts. Labor is provided by the person who owes the debt, or a relative (typically a child): the borrowers labor pays off the interest on the loan, but not the original debt itself. It is unusual for a bonded laborer to ever escape their indebtedness since further costs would accrue during the period of bondage (food, clothing, shelter), and it is not unknown for the debt to be inherited across several generations. Faulty accounting and huge interest rates, sometimes as much as 60 or 100 percent, are used in extreme cases. In the Americas, peonage was extended to include criminal peonage, where prisoners sentenced to hard labor were farmed out to private or governmental groups. Africa has its own unique version of debt bondage called pawnship. Afrocentric academics claim that this was a much milder form of debt bondage compared to that experienced elsewhere since it would occur on a family or community basis where social ties existed between debtor and creditor. Forced Labor or Contract Slavery Contract slavery is defined as that created when the slaveholder guarantees employment, luring job seekers to remote locations. Once a worker arrives at the place of promised employment, he or she is violently coerced into labor without pay. Otherwise known as unfree labor, forced labor, as the name implies, is based on the threat of violence against the laborer (or his or her family). Laborers contracted for a specific period would find themselves unable to escape enforced servitude, and the contracts are then used to mask the slavery as a legitimate work arrangement. This was used to an overwhelming extent in King Leopolds Congo Free State and on Portuguese plantations of Cape Verde and Sao Tome. Minor Types Several less common types of slavery are found throughout the world and account for a small number of the total number of slaves. Most of these types tend to be restricted to specific geographic locations. State Slavery or War Slavery State slavery is that which is government-sponsored, where the state and army captures and forces its own citizens to work, often as laborers or bearers in military campaigns against indigenous populations or for government construction projects. State slavery is practiced in Myanmar and North Korea. Religious Slavery Religious slavery is when religious institutions are used to maintain slavery, One common scenario is when young girls are given to local priests to atone for the sins of their family members, which is thought to appease the gods for the crimes committed by relatives. IPoor families will in effect sacrifice a daughter by having her marry a priest or a god, and end up often working as a prostitute. Domestic Servitude This type of slavery is when women and children are forced to serve as domestic workers in a household, held at force, isolated from the outside world and never allowed outside. Serfdom A term usually restricted to medieval Europe, serfdom is when a tenant farmer is bound to a section of land and was thus under the control of a landlord. The serf can feed themselves by working on their lords land  but is liable for the provision of other services, such as working on other sections of land or military service. A serf was tied to the land, and could not leave without his lords permission; they often required permission to marry, to sell goods, or to change their occupation. Any legal redress lay with the lord. Although this is considered a European condition, the circumstances of servitude are not unlike those experienced under several African kingdoms, such as that of the Zulu in the early nineteenth century. Slavery Around the World The number of people who today are enslaved to a degree depends on how one defines the term. There are at least 27 million people in the world who are permanently or temporarily under the complete control of some other person, business or state, who maintains that control by violence or the threat of violence. They live in nearly every country in the world, although the majority are believed to be concentrated in India, Pakistan, and Nepal. Slavery is also endemic in southeast Asia, Northern and Western Africa, and South America; and there are pockets in the United States, Japan, and many European countries. Sources Androff, David K. The Problem of Contemporary Slavery: An International Human Rights Challenge for Social Work. International Social Work 54.2 (2011): 209–22. Print.Bales, Kevin. Expendable People: Slavery in the Age of Globalization. Journal of International Affairs 53.2 (2000): 461–84. Print.Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery, the Slave Trade, and Institutions and Practices Similar to Slavery, as adopted by a Conference of Plenipotentiaries convened by Economic and Social Council resolution 608(XXI) of 30 April 1956 and done at Geneva on 7 September 1956.

Projects and their management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Projects and their management - Essay Example The organization has a team of 3 staff members charged with the duty to place students in a year in the job market that can contribute to the professional development of the students. This service makes the existence of SEC placement team more relevant in the face of the employers’ increasing demand for experience both for old and new graduates. To better its services, SPT could take advantage of the increasing use of web tools among students to make the placement services more efficient and convenient. Even though this would be a costly endeavor for a start-up placement enterprise, SPT longstanding existence can allow it use the revenue that it has accumulated in the past to build this web product intended to make placement exercises efficient and convenient and efficient for students and for SPT itself. SPT project will follow the conventional software process that is typical of all IT projects. The phases will include: business specification, system design, product development, testing, system implementation and maintenance and evaluation. Business specification will entail elicitation and assessment of the user and system requirements. Design will entail translation of the defined requirements into a set of design models, out of which the involve team will choose the best design. Development will entail translation of the design model that the developers settle on into program codes whose operation will follow the user requirements without compromising on the system requirements. Testing will involve assessment of whether the developed product functions as per the user-supplied requirements. Implementation will involve use of the developed system in the production environment, where students and other intended end-users will try executing their routinely duties to satisfy their r espective needs. Maintenance and evaluation will involve caring for the

A review of academic research undertaken in relation to Small and Essay

A review of academic research undertaken in relation to Small and Medium Sized Enterprises - Essay Example In the study, United Kingdom’s SMEs have been observed. It has been identified that SMEs also have a role to play in the economy of the UK. However, there are underlying challenges and problems that the country’s SMEs face which need to be addressed by the government and other stakeholders involved. The paper intends to identify the current academic research into small and medium sized enterprises and the major issues faced by these firms. It also tries to present the role of SMEs in the UK. The paper will try to provide a brief summary of the overall scenario at the end and will provide recommendation based on the challenges that the SMEs in the UK face so that significant improvements in the SMEs can be introduced and better opportunities created. Table of Contents 1 Executive Summary 2 Introduction 4 Critical Review into Current Academic Research 5 Challenges of SMEs 7 Role played by SMEs in the United Kingdom 8 Conclusion and Recommendation 12 References 14 Introduc tion Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are those firms that do not have any subsidiary and are independent in nature thus employing a certain number of employees. The number of employees may be different in different countries. In European Union, the limit set for employing the employees has been set to 250 for SMEs. However, certain countries lay down the limit of employing 200 employees. The use of the financial assets is also evident in order to define SMEs. A new European definition of SMEs came into existence in the year 2005. The new definition offers increase in the financial upper limits and therefore it states that the turnover of medium-sized enterprises must not be more than EUR 50 millions. Similarly, the turnover of small enterprises must not be more than EUR 10 millions and for the micro firms the turnover must not go above EUR 2 million. Consequently, the balance sheet of the medium enterprises must not surpass EUR 43 millions. The balance sheet of small and m icro enterprises must not go above EUR 10 million and EUR 2 million respectively (OECD, 2005). The SME sector comprises a wide range of firms such as recognized conventional family businesses that utilize nearly hundreds of workers. The SME sector also makes use of â€Å"survivalist† self-employed workers functioning in unorganised micro enterprises (International Institute for Sustainable Development, 2004). The main aim of the paper is to identify the role of the SME in the economy of the United Kingdom. The study will try to focus upon the current academic research on SMEs. Theories on SMEs will be identified and the role of SMEs in an international context as a mechanism for job creation, innovation and long term growth will be studied in detail in the sections below. Critical Review into Current Academic Research Small and medium-sized enterprises can avail innumerable behavioural benefits in comparison to their larger counterparts in the process of innovation. However, it has been identified that they also face certain material disadvantages. The problem they face has been evident in the process of developing suitable network of contacts with outside sources of both mechanical and technological expertise as well as advice (Rothwell & Dodgson, 1991). It is quite difficult to measure the importance of SMEs. However, it is a well known fact that small and medium enterprises are considered as the basis of most of the economies, generally in relation to influences on employment as well as

Emily's story Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Emily's story - Essay Example I am Emily, Emily Rose. Not long ago, I was a cheerful, lively and agile young girl with many friends and a bunch of activities which could not fit in the 24 hours of the day. I was outgoing, blunt and always the centre of attention, when in a group. No wonder, I was approached by many people for friendships and relationships, but I always aimed higher than just being ‘another girl’ in the world. I wanted to be someone people admire and get inspiration from. I wanted to be like my father; an inspirational personality and a great journalist. Indeed, he was my hero and the role model. I always had a strong bond of love and affection with him. But I never thought I would be a reason for his broken pride and humiliation. It was mid February, when I went on a trip with my college mates. I always loved going on such trips and explore different parts of the world and the people around. But it was unusual; it was not uncomfortable or displeasing, but unusual. For the first time, I got attracted to a person, John, for his thoughts, views and manners inspired me. We got along really well and I felt special when he was around. Like any other girl, I developed feelings for him; he had no different feelings than me. The month passed giving us many memories, and a life changing news; the news that changed my life and his views; the news that replaced the old confident Emily with a girl who could not face the world; the news that broke the pride of his father and his trust on his daughter. Yes, I was pregnant. I still wonder if this was the same John who always picked my call on the first ring, I looked at the side table and picked my phone again. No, I was not calling John but my ever loving father this time. I needed him, like I always did since my childhood. As expected, no later than an hour, he was right in front of me listening to my story. This was